Ok, I asked the question better and got the answer:

You will get the speed of the NVMe drive, as the performance is determined by the physical location of the actual files being accessed. The symbolic link itself is a tiny file on the SATA drive that merely points the operating
system to the NVMe location.

Yay! That'll boost my system big time. I got my replacement SATA drive, but it's dark so I'll put it in tomorrow during the day.

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